The number of people experiencing poor health and premature death caused by metabolic-related risk factors such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar and high BMI has increased by 2,000, according to a new global study published Thursday in The Lancet. It has increased by 50% since 2007.
The 2021 Global Disease, Injury and Risk Factor Survey (GBD) provides new insights into health challenges and the risk factors that cause them.
More people experience metabolic risk factors such as hypersystolic bloodemia Blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose levels, high BMI, high LDL cholesterol, and impaired kidney function point to the effects of aging populations and global lifestyle changes, the researchers said.
The study found that global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), or years of healthy life lost due to poor health and premature death, increased by 49.4% from 2000 to 2021 due to metabolic risk factors. did. Between the ages of 15 and 49, poor health is more often associated with higher body mass index and blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of diabetes. High blood pressure and LDL cholesterol were also among the top 10 risk factors for this age group.
“Although metabolic in nature, the development of these risk factors is often influenced by a variety of lifestyle factors, especially in younger generations,” says Michael, Associate Professor at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).・Mr. Brauer said. “These also indicate that our population is aging and is more likely to develop these conditions over time. Aiming to reduce non-communicable diseases that are preventable through modifiable risk factors This presents a huge opportunity to pre-emptively change the trajectory of global health through policy and education.”
Air pollution, smoking, low birth weight, and short pregnancies are also the biggest contributors to DALYs in 2021, with considerable variation across age, gender, and location.
From 2000 to 2021, significant progress was made in reducing the global burden of disease due to maternal and child health risks. Dangerous water, sanitation and hand washing. Household air pollution from solid fuel cooking.
“The current risk factors contributing to poor health, such as obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome, exposure to ambient particulate air pollution, and smoking, are subject to global health policy efforts to reduce health risks. We need a combination of efforts and exposure reduction to improve population health,” said Emanuela Gakidou, Professor of Health Metrics Science at IHME.
Greg Ross, director of IHME's Cardiovascular Health Indicators Program, said: “Increasing exposure to risk factors such as high blood sugar, high blood pressure, reduced physical activity, and diets high in sugary drinks is an urgent issue. A response is required,” he added. Interventions focused on obesity and metabolic syndrome are needed. ”
The greatest reductions in disease burden occurred in maternal and child health and water/sanitation/handwashing risk factors. This is primarily due to a reduction in risk exposure and a proportionate decline in the youth population. This suggests that recent public health measures and humanitarian efforts have been successful, particularly in lower socio-economic regions.
Despite global declines, the disease burden from child and maternal malnutrition risk factors remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. . Malnutrition among children and mothers remains a challenge in northern India in 2021.
The burden of disease from smoking has increased modestly with population aging, despite decreasing exposure. Air pollution, high BMI, hyperglycemia, and hypertension have significantly increased the disease burden with increasing exposure and aging of the population. New evidence suggests that India's recent peak in air pollution coincides with a decline in household air pollution.
“The GBD highlights that future trends are likely to be very different from past trends due to factors such as climate change and increases in obesity and addictions, but at the same time, it also sets the health trajectory for the next generation. There is a huge opportunity to make a change,” said Mr. Liang. Ong, principal investigator at IHME.
The findings also predict that, despite geopolitical, metabolic and environmental threats, global life expectancy will increase by nearly 5 years for men and 4.2 years for women by 2050. The greatest growth is expected in countries with low life expectancy, contributing to convergence in life expectancy across the region. This is primarily driven by public health measures to prevent cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, infectious diseases, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNN) and improve survival rates.
“As the burden of disease continues to shift from CMNN to NCDs, and from years of life lost to years lived with disability, more people are expected to live longer, while their health remains The number of years spent in poor conditions will also increase,” the prediction says.
“Global life expectancy is projected to increase from 73.6 years in 2022 to 78.1 years in 2050.Global healthy life expectancy, or the average number of years a person can live in good health, is projected to increase from 64.8 years in 2022 to 78.1 years in 2050. It will grow to 67.4 years in 2050.